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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders can be associated with ADHD. Anxiety can cause restlessness sleep disturbance and irritability. Stimulant medications can help alleviate these symptoms However, they can result in side effects like the development of tics and minor reduction in growth in adolescents and children. Additionally, some people experience anxiety-related issues when taking stimulant medication. Stimulants The use of stimulants is to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They can be found in capsules, tablets, chunky clear crystals or a brown or white powder. Large doses of stimulants can create over-stimulation and cause anxiety, stomach cramps, panic attacks or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants may result in addiction and serious adverse effects such as heart problems, high pressure and stroke. These medicines have also been shown to alleviate anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing brain chemicals like norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. These are lower in ADHD patients. This improves communication and activity between brain regions that regulate executive and attention. This results in an improvement in impulse control and anxiety symptoms decreasing. Studies have shown that both atomoxetine as well as methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD and comorbid anxiety disorders. Both treatments showed improvement in anxiety symptoms beginning as early as the 4th week of treatment. The benefit was evident for eight weeks. It is crucial to keep in mind that the kind of medication that will be most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur may depend on which disorder has the greatest impact on the quality of life of a person. One may experience numerous small-scale crises that cause anxiety throughout the day as they try to meet appointments or complete projects at work or school. These can be distressing and trigger anxiety more often than the symptoms of a panic attack or phobia. In these instances, it might be best to address the anxiety-related symptoms by taking antidepressants or SSRIs that have been proven effective in reducing anxiety levels in adults. These are usually taken orally and can take a little longer to take effect, but the most common options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like duloxetine and venlafaxine. These can be taken in addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and are particularly useful if the patient experiences high blood pressure. SSRIs SSRIs, which are antidepressant medications are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. The drug that is the most popular in this category is fluoxetine, more commonly known as Prozac. The SSRIs are also able to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. These medications are more adaptable and have less adverse effects than older generations of antidepressants. The SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter in the synapse to remain active and to signal the post synaptic cell more frequently than is the case with other neurotransmitters. This may increase the output of norepinephrine and reduce anxiety. It can also increase the levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP), stimulating protein synthesis. In addition, the SSRIs can decrease impulsiveness and reduce hyperactivity. They also can improve the quality of sleep and decrease agitation in individuals with ADHD. However, these drugs can, increase the risk of suicidal behaviour and thoughts in some people. They may also increase appetite and weight gain when first starting. SNRIs are a different kind of antidepressant than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake of serotonin as well as norepinephrine. Similar to SSRIs, they can affect anxiety, but they can also enhance the functioning of the heart muscle and the blood vessels, which may decrease anxiety and stress. They can also boost the mood of individuals suffering from bipolar disorder. The most commonly used SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs may cause blood pressure to rise in certain individuals, so those with high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease should avoid taking them. There are a variety of behavioral treatments for anxiety and ADHD that can be employed in addition to medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can help reduce anxiety and stress. Some people find tapping on specific body points or techniques for emotional freedom, helps lower cortisol which is the hormone that causes anxiety. Exercise and diet can also reduce anxiety. Your doctor can recommend eating a diet that is based on whole vegetables, fruits and grains and avoid sugar, which can increase anxiety in certain ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based drugs Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched, they may not be the most appropriate choice for people who suffer from anxiety and ADHD. Stimulant medications may cause negative side effects such as jitteriness rapid heart rate and nervousness that can be similar to or worsen anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medicines have been prescribed for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They do not raise heart rate or blood pressure, and are less likely than stimulant drugs to cause anxiety-related adverse reactions such as shaking, sweating, or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine and can improve attention and reduce impulsivity as well as hyperactivity. Studies have also proven that it can help improve anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. best adhd medication for adults uk collected clinical articles from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to find out whether atomoxetine helped reduce anxiety in adolescents and children with ADHD. Bupropion is a different medication that can ease anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is usually prescribed to people who have ADHD and depression. It can also boost mood and lessen symptoms of anxiety. It is usually a good idea to try and treat the root cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD, as it can help to alleviate anxiety symptoms. In certain cases, anxiety symptoms in ADHD children may be the cause of their anxiety. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral therapy are typically the most effective treatment options for anxiety in this situation. These treatments can help reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root causes of the issue. Antidepressants are often prescribed to people with coexisting ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants that target Serotonin, the chemical in the brain that is thought to alleviate anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately determine which medication is best for you. They will look at your lifestyle, symptoms and age, as well as other health conditions prior to recommending any medication. It is essential to discuss with your doctor your goals for treatment and to adhere to a daily routine while taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial in managing ADHD or anxiety, based on your health goals. These include mindfulness, meditation yoga, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques) sleep, nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. People with anxiety are more likely to suffer from symptoms of ADHD according to Dr. Hallowell says, which makes it difficult to treat both conditions simultaneously. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, and then non-stimulant medications such as bupropion or atomoxetine for anxiety disorders. They are available 24/7 and are not controlled drugs like stimulants.